Filipino Reading Left Behind

Math improved. Reading did not. A new study explains why many students are falling behind.

About 7 in 10 Grade 5 Students Struggle to Read

Released in December 2025, a new regional study shows that many Filipino elementary students are still struggling with basic reading.

The SEA-PLM 2024 study focused on Grade 5 students, usually 10 to 11 years old. At this level, students are expected to read and understand simple texts on their own.

The study found that about 7 in 10 Grade 5 students in the Philippines cannot do this well. What is worse is that reading scores have not improved much since 2019. The problem has stayed almost the same for five years.

Some students improved, but mostly those who were already doing well. Students who were struggling before are still struggling now. This means the learning gap is getting wider.

There is one clear contrast.

Math scores improved. More students reached the required level in mathematics in 2024. This shows that improvement is possible when there is focus and support.

So why is reading still weak?

The study points to poverty, language barriers, and lack of learning materials. Students from poor families continue to fall behind compared to those from wealthier homes. Reading needs time, practice, books, and support. Many students do not have these.

Reading is the base of learning. If a child cannot read well, other subjects also become hard.

This is not about blaming teachers or students. It is about making reading a top priority—early, consistent, and supported.

Because if students cannot read the first page, learning cannot move forward.

⌨ ᴛʸᵖⁱⁿᵍ ᴏᵘᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ʙˡᵘᵉ ᵈᵃʳᵉᵐ ᵐᵘˢⁱᶜ ᵇˡᵒᵍ

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The Tuition That Never Paid Off

Some dreams lift us out of poverty. Others teach us why we fell in the first place.

They were poor, but the parents had a dream bigger than their hunger. Every coin they saved was a step toward a promise: their child would study in the best school. Maybe one day, they’d never have to count coins again.

The boy grew up seeing his mother skip meals and his father work double shifts. When he entered that expensive school, he thought he finally belonged to the world he always watched from the outside—polished shoes, shiny phones, soft accents. Soon, he learned how to pretend.

He started walking ahead of his mother so his classmates wouldn’t see her faded dress. He told his friends his father worked abroad. He laughed at the poor, forgetting that his own laughter smelled like rice from home that wasn’t enough.

One rainy night, both parents died in an accident on their way home from work. The next morning, he realized something worse than loss—there was no money for tomorrow. No savings, no food, no income. Only one thing remained untouched: the education fund his parents had protected all their lives.

He dropped out, saying school could wait. He told himself he’d go back once things were “stable.” But he never did.

He rented a small room, bought new clothes, ate in cafes, and scrolled through life pretending everything was fine. The money slowly disappeared, like the people who used to believe in him.

Then came the hunger. The same kind his parents knew—but without love beside it. He searched for jobs but found none that fit the image he built. He couldn’t even afford to print a resume.

One night, he saw a wallet left on a cafe table. He looked around. No one was watching. His hands shook—not because of fear, but because it felt familiar. Easy money, like a shortcut to the dream his parents once worked for.

He took it.
Then another.
Then another.

By the time the police caught him, the only thing left in his pocket was a small piece of paper—torn from the envelope his mother once used to keep their savings. On it, her handwriting still whispered: “For your college.”

He stared at it for a long time. The words blurred under his tears, and for the first time in years, he whispered back—almost like a prayer no one could hear.

“Nay… Tay… naubos ko na pati yung para bukas. At akoy unti-unti na ring nauubos.”

The officer pulled him away. The paper slipped from his hand, drifting down the station floor like a promise he could never pay back.

⌨ ᴛʸᵖⁱⁿᵍ ᴏᵘᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ʙˡᵘᵉ ᵈᵃʳᵉᵐ ᵐᵘˢⁱᶜ ᵇˡᵒᵍ